Churchill Ewumbue-Monono Raises Diplomatic Flag in New Book
By Douglas A. Achingale*
Churchill Ewumbue-Monono |
Hardly would anyone who knows journalist/diplomat Churchill
Ewumbue-Monono be befuddled by the endless flow of a flurry of fine literature
from his fecund and faithful pen. His unalloyed commitment to passionately tell
the Cameroonian story, which started decades ago, has been given renewed verve,
with the publication of his umpteenth book, Delicate Negotiations For
Reunification: A Tribute to Cameroon’s Budding Diplomacy: 1959-1963.
Prefaced
by his mentor and former Minister of External Relations, Dr. Jacques Roger
Booh-Booh, and published in January 2018 by The Centre for Research on
Democracy and Development in Africa (CEREDDA), the 425-page document with
alluringly glossy immaculate white covers provides an authentic insight into
the invaluable contributions of the early birds of Cameroon’s diplomacy to the
reunification process. Amongst other issues, of course.
Ewumbue-Monono
clearly sets his goals in his introduction. Rather than focus exclusively on
the outcome of reunification, as many political observers have done over the
years, he pays considerable attention to the process, the technicalities and
the way business was conducted in general during that period.
These
are the contents of the 13 chapters and epilogue that follow, contained in two
sections, in which the author, in his trademark journalistic style, cogently
rolls out the context of the negotiations, the ins and outs of the
establishment of what he calls “diplomatic machines” to channel these dialogues,
and the issues under negotiation such as the termination of trusteeship,
plebiscite results, constitutional arrangement, transfer of sovereignty, etc.
The
author does not fail to enunciate the overall importance and scope of his chef
d’oeuvre. Says he:
“The
study’s significance lies in its attempts to reconstitute the diplomatic
setting, principles, procedures and exigencies under which the reunification
negotiations were taking place. It examines the anatomy of influence among the
various negotiators and delegations and the strategies used to obtain their
desired outcomes.”
All of
which, he avouches, attempts to give a more practical understanding and
interpretation of the outcomes of these negotiations than has so far been
provided by historians, political scientists and political activists.
Ahidjo and Foncha: A world of contrast!
The
historical picture that emerges from the unfolding reunification drama, as
elucidated by Churchill Ewumbue-Monono, reveals many images, the most prominent
being those of the main protagonists of reunification, Ahmadou Ahidjo and John
Ngu Foncha. Between 1959 when the two men first met in New York and agreed to
launch official negotiations, and 1963 when the ICJ sealed the fate of the
Northern British Cameroons in the clamour to reunite the three parts of the
German colony of Kamerun, their mannerisms and approach to the slimy game of
politics are presented, overtly or covertly, as being dolefully contrasting.
While the one proved to be sophisticated, tactful and manipulative, the other
exhibited naivety, malleability and shortsightedness.
To give
backing to what is generally known to be Foncha’s shortcomings, the author
avows that his KNDP party had no clear position on and agenda for
reunification. Foncha’s blind insistence on reunification ignited a splint of
miasmic feeling in Southern Cameroonian politicians of the opposition such as
Dr. E. M. L. Endeley, P. M. Kale, Motomby-Woleta, Gorji Dinka, Albert Mukong,
etc. who supported either a federation with Nigeria or the Third Option, that
is, an independent state of Southern Cameroons.
These
politicians did not mince their words in openly fulminating Foncha for his
bovine stance and sheepish approach. Hear Gorji Dinka, former President of the
Cameroon Bar Association and leader of the self-proclaimed “Republic of
Ambazonia”, as quoted by Ewumbue-Monono:
“The
British saw that we were already ripe for independence. Unfortunately, when the
opportunity came, Foncha dashed it to the winds. At that time, I was the
President of the National Union of Cameroon Students in the UK, and Mukong was
the President of the Cameroon Students in Nigeria, so the two of us were on the
Southern Cameroons delegation to the UN.”
Foncha’s
standpoint was so peeving as to actuate Mukong to challenge him to a duel.
Again, the author quotes Dinka, saying:
“It was
so annoying that Mukong even took on Foncha in a fight along the corridors of
the UN. It was I who separated them and told Mukong not here at the UN.”
Francis
Nkwain was later to assail Foncha with the following words: “Indeed, Foncha
became an error of history…History made an error when it reposed undue
confidence in Foncha and made him play the roles of both Moses and Joshua when,
in fact, his talents could not carry him beyond the plebiscite.”
Diplomacy makes the difference
To a
large extent, Ewumbue-Monono attributes Foncha’s tactlessness in dealing with
Ahidjo to the absence of career diplomats from the Southern Cameroons
delegations that took part in the reunification negotiations at different
levels. Conversely, the more politically astute Ahidjo, knowing too well that
diplomats could be the fulcrums of such delicate negotiations, had seen the
need to train and use them when the time was right. And so he did.
The
author is clear on this point when he quips: “By involving diplomats with a
sound understanding of the leadership’s political vision, President Ahidjo was
able to put their professional expertise at the service of his political
expediency.”
In the
words of Dr. Booh-Booh, Ahidjo “succeeded in putting up a team of responsible
and united negotiators who executed his instructions strictly. Since 1958, he
had trained a generation of top diplomats in the French universities and
professional schools. And in fact, it was the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that
constituted the kingpin of the negotiations.”
Come to
think of it, the strategic job of the early diplomats was discernible at all
levels of the negotiations, and was noticed to always favour the delegations
from La Republique du Cameroun (LRC). With the complicity of Charles Okala, his
Foreign Minister, and a galaxy of diplomats in the background, for instance,
Ahidjo made sure Foncha and his delegations revelled in luxurious treatment
each time they were on LRC soil for negotiations. The effect of this
manipulation was that Foncha, S. T. Muna and the other “reunificationists” who
went along with them tended to always lose focus.
Even
the sitting arrangements for the delegates at the Foumban Constitutional
Conference of July 1961 were made to presage bad business for the Southern
Cameroons delegation there. In fact, this and other wielding actions caused the
latter delegation to be able to negotiate only what Dr. Simon Munzu calls “a
raw deal”.
Ahidjo and Foncha are equally said to have agreed on 24
December 1960, in an official Note to the British Administrative Authority,
that in the event of reunification both territories “Would unite as equals in a
Federal United Cameroon Republic, each continuing to conduct its affairs
consistently with its inherited state culture, with only a limited number of
subject matters conceded to the Central government.” However, Ewumbue-Monono
views Ahidjo’s eventual violation of this republican pact made through
diplomatic channels as not necessarily constituting diplomatic morality.
Rather, the writer posits, it was a glaring breach of good faith enshrined in
the diplomatic doctrine of “Pacta Sunt Servanda.”
All in
all, Delicate Negotiations for Reunification… is incontestably a glorification
of Cameroon’s diplomacy, especially at its developmental stages. In it,
Churchill Ewumbue-Monono acknowledges the unequivocally significant role of
diplomacy in nation-building; he literally raises Cameroon’s diplomatic flag,
so to speak. This is perhaps the first time that effulgent light is being shed
on the job of diplomats in this regard, in a book. As he himself puts it, the
work “has demonstrated that the country’s pioneer diplomats were nationalists
in their own right, who contributed significantly in laying the foundations for
the new nation, and therefore, should be given due attention by historians in
the country’s independence and reunification narratives.”
There
is no question that Ewumbue-Monono tapped the inspiration to craft these
luscious lines from President Paul Biya’s address to the nation during the 50th
anniversary celebration of the reunification of Cameroon in Buea, on 20
February 2014. On that occasion the President said: “The march towards
reunification was a risky odyssey. It was a journey with challenges, delicate
negotiations for our budding diplomacy and, at times, internal opposition to be
reckoned with.” This can hardly evoke questions in the minds of readers given
that the author has been Technical Adviser in the Cabinet of the President
since 2010.
In
masterly fashion, Ewumbue-Monono weaves his story with a bewitching historical
thread and spices it with countless minute details and anecdotes which are
devoid of his personal emotions and which render his artistic broth all the
more palatable.
The
publication of this work is timely as it lays bare the true story of
reunification at a time when dissenting Anglophone voices in Cameroon are
loudly calling for either a return to a federal state or outright separation,
owing to what they say was a bogus reunification in 1961 and an Ahidjo-led constitutional
coup d’état of a referendum in 1972. The work could just be insinuating a good
case for the Anglophones, that is, if some of them are willing to part with the
grossly irresponsible manner in which they are going about their demands. At
the same time, the book could also augur well for the powers that be who insist
on the oneness and indivisibility of Cameroon, as it is suffused with facts
that rubbish the claim of “Ambazonians”.
*Douglas Achingale is a writer, critic, researcher and
social welfare administrator, working for the Ministry of Social Affairs in
Yaounde.
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